isxy,fha wjika rcq /hla .; l< ó.uqfõ ksfji
rdcdê rdcisxy rcqf.a wNdjfhka miq Tyqf.a nEkd jQ ;eke;af;a Y%S úl%u rdcisxy kñka Y%S j¾Ok mqrfhys rc úh' myka is;a we;s fyf;fï o<od jykafiag ñKs uq;= wdÈh o fkdfhla .ïìï o mQcd lf<ah' tfy;a mdmñ;% fiajkh ksid úmß; Ndjhg meñK rcq lreKq rys;j ckhd fm<Sh' fufia yeisfrk l, fldamhg m;a Wvrg isxy, ckhdo fldf<dïmqf¾ isá bx.%Sisyqo tlaj wNsfIalfhka wgf<dia j¾Ifha§ Tyq Ôj.%yKfhka f.k iuqÿßka tf;r ,ejQy' thska miq bx.%Sis kï we;a;dyQ ,xld rdcHh w;am;a lr .;a;dyqh
isxy,fha wjika rcq jQ Y%S úl%urdcisxy rc;=ud bx.%Siskaf.a .%yKhg k;=ùfuka miqj rcq we;=¿ msßi furáka msgqjy,a lsÍfï isoaêh uydjxYfha i|yka jkafka by; lS mßÈh'”
mD;=.Sis" ,kafoais yd bx.%Siska fld;rï W;aidy .;a;o hg;a lr .ekSug fkdyels jQ Wvrg rdcHh 1815 fmnrjdß 18 Èk bx.%Siska úiska hg;a lr.kq ,enqfõo isxy,hkaf.au Wmldr we;sjh' 1850 § ,xld b;sydih ms<sn|j ,smshla ,shk fykaß pd,aia kï bx.%Sis f,aLlhdg wkqj isxy,hka úiska rcqj w,a,d fokq fkd,enqfõ kï bx.%Siskag ljrodj;a Wvrg rdcHh hg;a lr .ekSug yelsjkafka ke;'
Y%S úl%urdcisxy rcqf.a mshd rdfïIajrïys kdhlal¾ jxYhg wh;a wfhl= hehs ie,flk w;r" jekaoUq uj lsßleá orejd iu. bkaÈhka id.rh ;rKh lr ,xldjg meñKsfha uykqjr mÈxÑj isá kEoE msßilf.a /ljrKh m;dh'
l%s'j' 1780 isg 1795 olajd Wvrg rcq jQ Y%S rdcdê rdcisxy rcqg kdhlal¾ jxYhg wh;a ìfidajreka mia fokl= isáh;a tlu ìß|lgj;a orefjda fkdjQy' ;ukag orejka fkdisá fyhska rcqf.a woyi jQfha ;ukaf.a wejEfuka ;ukaf.a m<uq ìij jQ w,fïÆ wïud iy ;=kajk ìß| jQ frx.kdhys wïud hk ifydaoßhka fofokdf.a jeäuy,a ifydaorhd jQ uq;a;=idñ rclug m;a lsÍuh' tfy;a rcqf.a yÈis urKh fï ish,a, wjq,a lf<ah' fmr iQodkug wkqj uq;a;=idñ ryis.;j rc jk w;r tÈku uq;a;=idñ m,jd yer Y%S úl%u rdcisxy kï kdhlal¾ rc;=ud uykqjr rcq f,i wNsfIal ,eîh'
fï isÿùu msgqmi isáfha ms<su;,dfõ uy wÈldrïh' ms<su;,djf.a woyi jQfha <dnd, rcq ;ukaf.a wNsu;h mßÈ rclï lrkq we;s njh' tfy;a th tfia isÿ fkdúKs' fï ksid isyiqk flfia fyda ;ud hg;g .kakg ms<su;,dj wÈldrï ie,eiqï lf<ah' 1811 § rcq >d;kh lsÍug ms<su;,dfõ isÿ l< l=uka;%Kh yiq jQ rcq úiska ms<su;,dj wêldrïf.a ysi .id oukq ,eîh' miqj tu ;k;=rg m;ajkafka ms<su;,djf.a nEkd jQ weyef<afmd, ks,fïh' Y%S úl%urdcisxy rcq yd weyef<afmd, wÈldrï w;r we;s jQ wkjfndaOh ksid;a" rcqf.a úYajdijka;fhl=j isá fud,a,sf.dv ks,fï weyef,afmd,g tfrysj fndre fla,dï lSu ksid;a rcq yd weyef<afmd< w;r o fyd| ys; mÆÿ úh' 1813 § weyef<afmd, wÈldrï inr.uqjg udre lr hjkafka o fï ksidh'
fofokdf.a fuu .egqu oreKq jkafka rcq úiska weyef<afmd, mjq, >d;kh lsÍug ksfhda. lsÍu;a iu.h' fuu ld,fha ro,jrekaf.a úfrdaOh o îu;alug weíneysùu fya;=fjka o rcqf.a yeisÍï oreKq úh' weyef<afmd, mjq, >d;khg wod< wd{dj ksl=;a lf<ao rcq wêl f,i îu;aj isá wjia:djl njg o ie,fla'
Wvrg rdcHh we,a,Su t;rï myiq fkdjk wjêhl Y%Su;a fcdaka fvdhs,s ,xldjg tkafka 1801 §h' rdcisxy rcq w,a,d.ekSug bx.%Sis)isxy, fomlaIh w;r in|;dj f.dvk.kafka fvdhs,sh' weyef,afmd, uywÈldru úiska fud,a,sf.dv wÈldru" tlake,sf.dv wÈldrï" ngqúáfha rd, hk ro,hkao i;afldar<h" ;=ka fldar<h iy inr.uqfõ ck;dj o fï i|yd fmd,Ujd .kakd ,§' bx.%Sis wdl%uK ksid Y%S úl%u rdcisxy rcq rka wdNrK yd o<od jykafia o /f.k uykqjßka yÛqrkafl; m%foaYhg mek .sfhah' o<od jykafia bj;g jevu lrùfï lghq;a; bUq,au,af.or rd, iy ;j;a NslaIQka jykafia,d lsysmkulg mejrE rcq ;ukag ys;j;a fodr.uqfõ rd,;a fud,f.dv rd,;a" fyajdúiafia uvqmams,srd,;a legqj ;ukaf.a ìfidajrekao iu.ska Wvj;a; le,h yryd .uka lr uyje,s .fÛka tf;r ù ueouykqjr" Wvmsáfha .,a,eyej;af;a fndauqf¾ wdrÉÑf.a ksjig meñKsfhdah' ;ukaf.a yevrejg iudklula we;s fyajdúiafia uvqmams,srd, muKla k;r lrf.k fodr.uqfõ rd,;a" fud<f.dv rd,;a msg;a lr hejQ nj i|ykah' Wvqmsáfha fndauqf¾ wdrÉÑ rc;=ud ù wgqjl iÛjd ;enqfõh' tfy;a fuu ryi iÛjd ;eîug fkdyels jQfha fï ms<sn|j f;dr;=re oek.;a tlake,sf.dv fudfydÜgd, úiska rcq ieÛ ù we;s ia:dkh ms<sn| f;dr;=re bx.%Siskag oekqï fokq ,eîu;a iu.h'
1815 fmnrjdß 14 Èk frdnÜ n%jqkaß.a wdKavqldrjrhd isxy, rcq w,a,d.kakg yuqod n<weKshla uykqjrg msg;a lr heùh' lkao Wvrg n,d meñfKk bx.%Sis yuqodjg fjkodg m%ydr t,a, jk “n,k” lfmd,af,a§ fyda lsisÿ ndOdjla isÿfkdjQ w;r tys fiajfha fh§ isá isxy, fyajdfhda lsisÿ úfrdaOhla bx.%Siskag t,a, fkdl<y' 1815 fmnrjdß 18 Èk bx.%Sisyq ù wgqjl ieÛù isá Y%S úl%urdcisxy rcq w,a,d .;ay' udrdfõY jQ inr.uq jeisfhda msßila" tlake,sf.dv ks,fï" ngqúáfha rd, yd bx.%Sis fin¿ka fndauqf¾ rd,f.a ksjig lvd mekakdy' tf,i meñKs isxy,hka rcqf.a;a" ìijf.a;a" i¿ms<s brd meyer .ekSug wu;rj kdifha yd lkaj, me,¢ rka wdNrK meyer .;af;a lkaj,ska yd kdifhka f,a je.sfroa§ nj lshefõ'
Y%S úl%urdcisxy rcq foig weÛs,a, È.= l< tlake,sf.dv ks,fï mjid we;af;a “fïld je,amgla f.k w;md ne| l=o,dmsh” hkqfjks' ta wkqj w;a md n¢kq ,enQ rcqj ksjiska t<shg /f.k tk ,oafoa ìu Èf.a weof.kh' rcqg /ljrKh ÿka Wvmsáfha wdrÉÑ kue;s isxy,hdjo urd oeuQ nj lshefõ' rcq w,a,d.;a mqj; hámyqfõ lxldku úiska fcdaka fvdhs,s fj; oekqï fok ,o w;r" fvdhs,s úiska wdKavqldr frdnÜ n%jqkaß.a fj; okajk ,§' mqrd jir 2350lg wdikak isxyf<a rdcdj,sfha wjidkh igyka jkafka tu isÿùu;a iu.h'
fcdaka fvdhs,s úiska frdnÜ n%jqkaß.a wdKavqldrjrhd fj; fuu mqj; oekqïfokq ,enQ úg wdKavqldrjrhd isg we;af;a rd;%S fNdackhlg iyNd.s fjñks' jir ;=kaishhla ;siafia ;ukag muKla fkdj mD;=.Siskag;a" ,kafoaiSkag;a fkdyels jQ foa bgqùu ms<sn|j i;=gq jQ frdnÜ n%jqkaß.a wdKavqldrjrhd fï ms<sn|j i;=gq l÷¿ fy¨ nj o lshefõ' Tyq jydu fvdhs,sg m%ldY lf<a m%udo fkdù rcq we;=¿ msßi oeä wdrlaIdldÍj fld<Ug /f.k tk f,ih' l¾k,a ydä" iy l¾k,a yQ;a we;=¿ ;j;a fin¿ka 100lao wdKavqldrjrhd fvdhs,s iu. tlaùug uykqjrg heùh'
rcq uykqjr isg fld<Ug /f.k wd hq;af;a uykqjr m%foaYh u.yßñka nj bx.%SiSka ;SrKh lf<a wdrlaIs; mshjrla jYfhks' rc;=ud /f.k wd ud¾.h ó.uqj yryd jegqKq nj iaÒr jqjo ó.uqj olajd meñKs ud¾.h ms<sn|j u; folla ;sfí' l=reKE.," y,dj;" ó.uqj yryd ud¾.h;a" l=reKE., oUfoKsh" .sßW,a," ó.uqj hk ud¾.h;a ms<sn|j u; folla mj;S' kuq;a jvd wdrlaIs; l%uhla f,i y,dj; isg ó.uqj yryd yeñ,agka we< ud¾.h Tiafia rcq /f.k .sh njg idlaIs yuqfjhs'
tjlg fuu we< ud¾.h m%jdyk lghq;= i|yd fhdodf.k ;snQ njg b;sydi.; idOl ;sfí' 1815 fmnrjdß 22 Èk yji f;,afoKsfhka .uka wdrïN l< rc;=ud we;=¿ msßi Èk lsysmhlska fld<U n,d meñKshy' f.dvìï m%foaYj,§ wjYH foda,d imhd.ekSu;a" rcqg yd ìfidajrekag wjYH we÷ï fidhd.ekSu o fvdhs,sg Ndr jQ Ndr¥r lghq;=h' tfy;a Tyq ta ish,a,g jvd wjOdkfhka miqjQfha rcq b;d mßiaifuka fld<Ug /f.k tau ms<sn|jh'
flfia fj;;a y,dj;g meñK fndaÜgqjla u.ska fld<Ug tk .ufka§ Èkla msßi rd;%sh .; lf<a ó.uqfõ msysá l=rel=,iQßh ;ïì uqÈhkafia kue;af;l=g wh;a ksjilh' tu ksji msysáfha yeñ,agka we<g udhsïjh' rcq we;=¿ msßi tÈk rd;%sfha wi, msysá bx.%Sis wdKavqjg wh;a ia:dkhl kjd;eka .kakg kshñ;j ;snqKo rcqf.a b,a,Su ù ;sfnkafka ;ud .; lrk wjika Èk lSmh ;u rgjeishl=f.a ksjil isákakg bv ,ndfok f,ih' ta b,a,Sug weyqïlka ÿka bx.%SisyQ yeñ,agka we< wi, msysá ksjil tÈk rd;%sh .; l<y' miq l,l tu ksji uqÈhkafia uy;df.a mq;%hl= jQ .eiagka m%kdkaÿ uy;dg wh;a jQ w;r" .eiagka m%kdkaÿ uy;d jydu lf<a rcq kej;S isá ksjila neúka mqrd úoHd fomd¾;fïka;=jg mjrd .kSú hehs ìhg m;aj tu ksji fjkialr m%;sixialrKh lsÍuhs' wo jk úg tu ksjfia mÈxÑj isákafka .eiagka m%kdkaÿf.a mq;%hd jk rdðkao% m%kdkaÿ uy;dh' yeñ,agka we<g udhsïj msysá rdðkao% uy;dg wh;a fuu ksjfia bÈßmi ;dmamfha i|ykaj we;af;a “Y%SúlardÊ” kue;s mqjrejls' tu mqjrejo b;d merKs nj ne¨ ne,aug fmfkhs' yeñ,agka wef<ys isg fuu ksjig we;s mr;rh wähla folla muK ;rï iómh'
fuu ksjfia kjd;eka .kakg meñKs rcq we;=¿ msßig ksjeishkaf.ka ,eî we;af;a WKqiqï ms<s.ekSï iys; wd.ka;=l i;aldrhkah' ó.uqfõ biaika lsßfydoao iys; wdydr rc;=ud b;d wdYdfjka wkqNj l< nj mejefia' ;u ìßkaoEjreka o iu. b;d leue;af;ka fuu ksjfia .; l< rc;=ud miqÈk tys isg msg;aj hoa§ g%xl fmÜá ^hlv fmÜá& folla o tu ksjeishkag ;Hd. f,i Ndr§ we;s nj o lshefõ' miq ld,hl tajd fl!;=ld.drhg mß;Hd. lr we;s nj;a" ta ;=< rcqf.a wdNrK fukau wdhqO o ;snQ nj mejefia'
1948 § fhÿKq m%:u ksoyia Èkfha§ ó.uqfõ m%NQka yd ck;dj fuu ksji bÈßmsg W;aijhla mj;ajd isxy fldäh .=jkg Tijd cd;sl Èkh ieurE nj o mejefia' tjlg ;snQ ksji fjkia lr j¾;udkfha§ kj ksjila ks¾udKh lr ;snqKo ;ju;a tu ksji “Y%S úla rdÊ” hkqfjkau ye¢kafjhs'
Y%S úl%urdcisxy rc;=ud yd ne÷Kq ckm%jdohl oelafjkafka ó.uqfõ “jhs” ykaÈh wdikakfha msysá “Wiams,” kue;s ksjilska rc;=udg Èh msmdi ù Èh n÷kla b,a,d mdkh l< njh' Wiams, kue;s ksji wi, fukau rc;=ud kej;S isá ksji wi,;a oejeka; ishU,d .ia msysá njg ckm%jdohhs' Wiams, f.or wo jk úg olakg ke;;a ta wdikakfha ishU,d .ila we;' “Y%SúlardÊ” ksji fjkialulg Ndckh ù fyda wo tu ia:dkfha olakg we;;a ishU,d .ia ta ia:dkfha olakg ke;' rc;=ud “Y%SúlardÊ” ksjfia kej;s Èkh f,i ie,flkafka 1815 ud¾;= 05 Èk rd;%sfhah' miqÈk tkï ud¾;= 06 Èk isg 1816 ckjdß 24 Èk olajd fld<U fldgqfõ ia:dkhl rc;=ud r|jd isá nj;a" j¾;udkfha fi,skaflda wdh;kh msysáfha tu ia:dkfha nj;a ie,fla'
1816 ckjdß 24 Èk “fldkafpda,sia” kue;s fk!ldfjka rc;=ud we;=¿ msßi bkaÈhdfõ uÿrdish n,d msg;a lrjk ,§' tys fj,af,da¾ n<fldgqfõ isrlrejl= f,i l,a.; l< rcq È.= ld,hla frda.d;=rj ÿla ú| ñh.sfha 1832 ckjdß 30 jeksodh' oekg;a ó.uqj uyùÈfhka yeÍ hk Ydka; ußhd ùÈfha wxl 77 ork ia:dkfha isxyf,a wjika rc;=ud Èkla kjd;eka .;a ksji wmg olskakg yelsh' th msysáfha 156a uqkaklalrh W;=r .%du ks,Odß jiu ;=<h'
;;a;ajh tfia jqjo rcq kej;S isá ia:dkh fuh hehs lshñka n,hg m;ajk ´kEu rchl foaYmd,k yhs y;a;sh ,efnk jHdmdßlhl= ó.uqj l<mqfõ lfvd,dk rlaIs; úkdY lrñka “rcqf.a m%foaYh” nj weÛfjk kula Ndú; lrñka fydag,a moaO;shla bÈlr ;sfnkq olakg ,efnhs' fuu fydag, ixlS¾Kh ksid mßir ydkshla isÿùug wu;rj isxy,fha wjika rcq jk Y%S úl%urdcisxy rcqf.a kduh úl=Kdf.k lEulao isÿjk nj m%foaYjdiSyq mji;s'
rc;=ud kej;S isá m%foaYh f,i lfvd,dk le,hla kï lrk jHdmdßlhdf.ka wikakg we;af;a tod rd;%sh rc;=ud .; lr we;af;a uy le,fha o hkakhs'
wð;a uÿrmafmreu
0 Comments